Draft:Police Station/kn

ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆ ಎಂದರೇನು?

The police station is a key functional unit in a given territory from where the police perform their tasks of maintenance of law & order, investigation of cases etc. It is responsible for: (i) registration of crimes, (ii) local patrolling, (iii) investigations, (iv) handling of various law and order situations (e.g., demonstrations and strikes), (v) intelligence collection, and (vi) ensuring safety and security in its jurisdiction. A police station may have several police outposts for patrolling and surveillance.[1]

A police station is divided into a number of beats, which are assigned to constables for patrolling, surveillance, collection of intelligence etc. Police stations may be classified as:

ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಯು ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟ ಪ್ರದೇಶದಲ್ಲಿನ ಒಂದು ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಕಾರ್ಯಕಾರಿ ಘಟಕವಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಅಲ್ಲಿಂದ ಪೊಲೀಸರು ಕಾನೂನು ಮತ್ತು ಸುವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ನಿರ್ವಹಣೆ, ಪ್ರಕರಣಗಳ ತನಿಖೆ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ ತಮ್ಮ ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಇದು: (i) ಅಪರಾಧಗಳ ನೋಂದಣಿ, (ii) ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಸ್ತು, (iii) ತನಿಖೆಗಳು, (iv) ವಿವಿಧ ಕಾನೂನು ಮತ್ತು ಸುವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿಗಳನ್ನು (ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ, ಪ್ರದರ್ಶನಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಮುಷ್ಕರಗಳು) ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುವುದು, (v) ಗುಪ್ತಚರ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಣೆ, ಮತ್ತು (vi) ತನ್ನ ನ್ಯಾಯವ್ಯಾಪ್ತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸುರಕ್ಷತೆ ಮತ್ತು ಭದ್ರತೆಯನ್ನು ಖಚಿತಪಡಿಸುವುದು. ಒಂದು ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಯು ಗಸ್ತು ಮತ್ತು ಕಣ್ಗಾವಲುಗಾಗಿ ಹಲವಾರು ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಹೊರಠಾಣೆಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರಬಹುದು.[1]

ಒಂದು ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಯನ್ನು ಹಲವಾರು ಬೀಟ್‌ಗಳಾಗಿ ವಿಂಗಡಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ, ಇವುಗಳನ್ನು ಗಸ್ತು, ಕಣ್ಗಾವಲು, ಗುಪ್ತಚರ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಣೆ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿಗಳಿಗಾಗಿ ಕಾನ್‌ಸ್ಟೆಬಲ್‌ಗಳಿಗೆ ನಿಯೋಜಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಗಳನ್ನು ಹೀಗೆ ವರ್ಗೀಕರಿಸಬಹುದು:

• mega or metropolitan city police stations,
• urban police stations, rural police stations and
• other purpose-oriented police stations based on specific policing conditions like women’s police stations,
• railway police stations,
• traffic/road accident police stations,
• coastal police stations, and
• specialised police stations like those set up under the crime branch, anti-corruption bureau, intelligence branch etc. Most citizens are familiar with police stations because they are where FIRs are filed and the criminal justice process is set into motion.
• ಮೆಗಾ ಅಥವಾ ಮಹಾನಗರ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಗಳು,
• ನಗರ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಗಳು, ಗ್ರಾಮೀಣ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಗಳು ಮತ್ತು
• ಮಹಿಳಾ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಗಳಂತಹ ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿಗಳನ್ನು ಆಧರಿಸಿದ ಇತರ ಉದ್ದೇಶ-ಆಧಾರಿತ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಗಳು,
• ರೈಲ್ವೆ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಗಳು,
• ಟ್ರಾಫಿಕ್/ರಸ್ತೆ ಅಪಘಾತ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಗಳು,
• ಕರಾವಳಿ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಗಳು, ಮತ್ತು
• ಅಪರಾಧ ಶಾಖೆ, ಭ್ರಷ್ಟಾಚಾರ ನಿಗ್ರಹ ದಳ, ಗುಪ್ತಚರ ಶಾಖೆ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿಗಳ ಅಡಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಲಾದ ವಿಶೇಷ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಗಳು. ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ನಾಗರಿಕರಿಗೆ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಗಳ ಪರಿಚಯವಿದೆ ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಎಫ್‌ಐಆರ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು ದಾಖಲಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಅಪರಾಧ ನ್ಯಾಯ ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.

ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಯ ಅಧಿಕೃತ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನ

According to the Code of Criminal Procedure, crimes have to be recorded at the police station and the police’s preventive, investigative and law and order work is done from there. Under the CrPC, "police station" is defined as:

ಕ್ರಿಮಿನಲ್ ಪ್ರೊಸೀಜರ್ ಕೋಡ್ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಅಪರಾಧಗಳನ್ನು ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ದಾಖಲಿಸಬೇಕು ಮತ್ತು ಪೊಲೀಸರ ತಡೆಗಟ್ಟುವ, ತನಿಖಾ ಮತ್ತು ಕಾನೂನು ಮತ್ತು ಸುವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಕೆಲಸ ಅಲ್ಲಿಂದ ನಡೆಯುತ್ತದೆ. CrPC ಅಡಿಯಲ್ಲಿ, "ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆ" ಎಂದು ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ:

“any post or place declared generally or especially by the State Government, to be a police station, and includes any local area specified by the State Government on this behalf”.[2]

The word 'post' used in the definition of 'police station' refers to any place where police officers are stationed.[3] A police post is distinct from the police station because ‘police posts’ are set up under police stations, to enable the police to have greater and speedier reach and for the public to gain easier access to police help. A police post is not a Police station as such an FIR is not registered and investigated here. However, FIR is recorded and forwarded to the Police station for its registration. Once it is registered, it is sent back to the post and is marked to some specific officer or head constable for commencing investigation and its disposal as per Law.

“ರಾಜ್ಯ ಸರ್ಕಾರವು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಅಥವಾ ವಿಶೇಷವಾಗಿ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆ ಎಂದು ಘೋಷಿಸಿದ ಯಾವುದೇ ಪೋಸ್ಟ್ ಅಥವಾ ಸ್ಥಳ, ಮತ್ತು ಈ ಪರವಾಗಿ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಸರ್ಕಾರವು ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟಪಡಿಸಿದ ಯಾವುದೇ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪ್ರದೇಶವನ್ನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿದೆ”.[2]

'ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆ'ಯ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ಬಳಸಲಾದ 'ಪೋಸ್ಟ್' ಎಂಬ ಪದವು ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಗಳನ್ನು ನಿಯೋಜಿಸಿದ ಯಾವುದೇ ಸ್ಥಳವನ್ನು ಸೂಚಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.[3] ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಹೊರಠಾಣೆಯು ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಯಿಂದ ಭಿನ್ನವಾಗಿದೆ, ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ಪೊಲೀಸರಿಗೆ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಮತ್ತು ವೇಗವಾದ ವ್ಯಾಪ್ತಿಯನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಲು ಮತ್ತು ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕರಿಗೆ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಸಹಾಯವನ್ನು ಸುಲಭವಾಗಿ ಪಡೆಯಲು ಅನುವು ಮಾಡಿಕೊಡಲು 'ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಹೊರಠಾಣೆಗಳನ್ನು' ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಗಳ ಅಡಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಹೊರಠಾಣೆಯು ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಯಲ್ಲ, ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಎಫ್‌ಐಆರ್ ದಾಖಲಿಸಲ್ಪಡುವುದಿಲ್ಲ ಮತ್ತು ತನಿಖೆ ಮಾಡಲಾಗುವುದಿಲ್ಲ. ಆದಾಗ್ಯೂ, ಎಫ್‌ಐಆರ್ ಅನ್ನು ದಾಖಲಿಸಿ, ನೋಂದಣಿಗಾಗಿ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಗೆ ಕಳುಹಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಒಮ್ಮೆ ಅದು ನೋಂದಾಯಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ ನಂತರ, ಅದನ್ನು ಹೊರಠಾಣೆಗೆ ಹಿಂತಿರುಗಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಕಾನೂನಿನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ತನಿಖೆ ಮತ್ತು ಅದರ ವಿಲೇವಾರಿಯನ್ನು ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಿಸಲು ಕೆಲವು ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿ ಅಥವಾ ಹೆಡ್ ಕಾನ್‌ಸ್ಟೆಬಲ್‌ಗೆ ಗುರುತಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.

Officer-in-charge & jurisdiction

ಅಧಿಕಾರಿ-ಪ್ರಭಾರಿ ಮತ್ತು ನ್ಯಾಯವ್ಯಾಪ್ತಿ

At the heart of this scheme lies the officer-in-charge of the police station, commonly known as the Station House Officer (SHO). The officer-in-charge of a police station is an Inspector of Police, particularly in cities and metropolitan areas. The officer-in-charge of a mega police station can be of the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP); whereas for urban and rural police stations, Inspectors and Sub-Inspectors may be in charge respectively.[4]

In the absence of anything to the contrary, the jurisdiction of the police station and the SHO is the same.[5]

ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಯ ಹೃದಯಭಾಗದಲ್ಲಿ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಯ ಪ್ರಭಾರಿ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಯಿದ್ದು, ಅವರನ್ನು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಠಾಣಾಧಿಕಾರಿ (SHO) ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಯ ಪ್ರಭಾರಿ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಇನ್‌ಸ್ಪೆಕ್ಟರ್ ಆಗಿರುತ್ತಾರೆ, ವಿಶೇಷವಾಗಿ ನಗರಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಮಹಾನಗರಗಳಲ್ಲಿ. ಮೆಗಾ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಯ ಪ್ರಭಾರಿ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿ ಉಪ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಅಧೀಕ್ಷಕ (DSP) ದರ್ಜೆಯವರಾಗಿರಬಹುದು; ಆದರೆ ನಗರ ಮತ್ತು ಗ್ರಾಮೀಣ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆಗಳಿಗೆ, ಕ್ರಮವಾಗಿ ಇನ್‌ಸ್ಪೆಕ್ಟರ್‌ಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಸಬ್-ಇನ್‌ಸ್ಪೆಕ್ಟರ್‌ಗಳು ಪ್ರಭಾರಿಗಳಾಗಿರಬಹುದು.[4]

ಇದಕ್ಕೆ ವಿರುದ್ಧವಾದ ಯಾವುದೇ ಇಲ್ಲದಿದ್ದರೆ, ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಠಾಣೆ ಮತ್ತು ಠಾಣಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯ (SHO) ನ್ಯಾಯವ್ಯಾಪ್ತಿ ಒಂದೇ ಆಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ.[5]

| Local Jurisdiction of SHO | |

| :----------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |

| Non-cognizable offences | Cognizable offences |

| Section 155 of the CrPC | Section 156 of CrPC |

| SHO has jurisdiction over such offences that are committed within the limits of the police station | SHO has the power to investigate such offences that a Court having jurisdiction over the local area within the limits of such police station would have the power to inquire into or try, under the provisions of Chapter XIII. |

| SHO ನ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ನ್ಯಾಯವ್ಯಾಪ್ತಿ | *The following refers to a sample of a will from the state of Florida.

[FL] The following is a sample Florida Will. This is not the only way to create a Florida Will, and all Wills should be based on your individual circumstances. We recommend seeking legal advice from a qualified attorney when creating your Will.

Florida Will

I, [Testator.FirstName] [Testator.LastName], residing at [Testator.StreetAddress], [Testator.City], [Testator.State] [Testator.ZipCode], Florida (the "Testator"), being of sound and disposing mind, not acting under duress, menace, fraud, or undue influence, and understanding the nature of the business in which I am now engaged, do hereby make, publish, and declare this to be my Last Will and Testament, hereby revoking any and all other Wills and Codicils heretofore made by me.¹

Article I. Declarations

A. Family Information

I declare that I am married to [Spouse.FirstName] [Spouse.LastName] ("my spouse") and all references in this Will to "my spouse" are to [Spouse.FirstName] [Spouse.LastName].

I declare that I have the following [Children.Count] children from my current marriage:

• [Child1.FirstName] [Child1.LastName]
• [Child2.FirstName] [Child2.LastName]
• [Child3.FirstName] [Child3.LastName]

I declare that I have no other children.

B. Residency

I declare that my permanent domicile is [Testator.StreetAddress], [Testator.City], [Testator.State] [Testator.ZipCode], Florida.

C. Funeral Instructions

I direct my Executor to pay all my just debts, funeral expenses, and the expenses of my last illness, as soon after my death as may be practicable.

D. Simultaneous Death of Beneficiary

If any beneficiary of this Will, including my spouse, shall die simultaneously with me or within [Death.Days] days after my death, or prior to the distribution of my estate, then for the purposes of this Will, such beneficiary shall be deemed to have predeceased me. The distribution of my estate shall be made as if such beneficiary had not survived me.

E. Omission of Heirs

I have intentionally and with full knowledge omitted to provide for my heirs not mentioned in this Will.

Article II. Appointment of Executor

A. Executor

I nominate and appoint [Executor.FirstName] [Executor.LastName], residing at [Executor.StreetAddress], [Executor.City], [Executor.State] [Executor.ZipCode], to be the Executor of this my Last Will and Testament.

B. Successor Executor

If the Executor named in this Will is unable or unwilling to serve, or for any reason fails to qualify or ceases to act as Executor, then I nominate and appoint [SuccessorExecutor.FirstName] [SuccessorExecutor.LastName], residing at [SuccessorExecutor.StreetAddress], [SuccessorExecutor.City], [SuccessorExecutor.State] [SuccessorExecutor.ZipCode], to be the Successor Executor of this my Last Will and Testament.

C. Executor Powers

I direct that no bond or other security shall be required of any Executor appointed in this Will.

I further direct that my Executor, whether original or successor, shall have full power and authority to sell, exchange, mortgage, convey, or lease any real or personal property belonging to my estate, at such time, in such manner, and upon such terms as my Executor may deem best, without order of court.

Article III. Distribution of Property

A. Specific Bequests

I give, devise, and bequeath the following specific items of my property to the persons named:

Item	Beneficiary Name
[Item1.Description]	[Beneficiary1.FirstName] [Beneficiary1.LastName]
[Item2.Description]	[Beneficiary2.FirstName] [Beneficiary2.LastName]
[Item3.Description]	[Beneficiary3.FirstName] [Beneficiary3.LastName]

B. Residuary Estate

I give, devise, and bequeath all the rest, residue, and remainder of my property, both real and personal, of every kind and description,2 wherever situated, to my spouse, [Spouse.FirstName] [Spouse.LastName].

C. Alternate Residuary Beneficiary

If my spouse, [Spouse.FirstName] [Spouse.LastName], does not survive me, then I give, devise, and bequeath all the rest, residue, and remainder of my property, both real and personal, of every kind and description,3 wherever situated, to my children, [Child1.FirstName] [Child1.LastName], [Child2.FirstName] [Child2.LastName], and [Child3.FirstName] [Child3.LastName], in equal shares, per stirpes.

D. Charitable Bequest

If neither my spouse nor any of my children survive me, I give, devise, and bequeath all the rest, residue, and remainder of my property, both real and personal, of every kind and description,4 wherever situated, to [Charity.Name], located at [Charity.Address], for its general purposes.

Article IV. Guardianship (If Applicable)

A. Guardian of Minor Children

If at the time of my death, I have any minor children, I nominate and appoint [Guardian.FirstName] [Guardian.LastName], residing at [Guardian.StreetAddress], [Guardian.City], [Guardian.State] [Guardian.ZipCode], as the guardian of the person and estate of my minor children.

B. Successor Guardian

If the Guardian named in this Will is unable or unwilling to serve, or for any reason fails to qualify or ceases to act as Guardian, then I nominate and appoint [SuccessorGuardian.FirstName] [SuccessorGuardian.LastName], residing at [SuccessorGuardian.StreetAddress], [SuccessorGuardian.City], [SuccessorGuardian.State] [SuccessorGuardian.ZipCode], to be the Successor Guardian of the person and estate of my minor children.

Article V. General Provisions

A. Governing Law

This Will shall be construed and governed in accordance with the laws of the State of Florida.

B. Severability

If any provision of this Will is held to be invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall continue to be valid and enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law.

C. Headings

The headings used in this Will are for convenience only and shall not be used to interpret or construe the provisions of this Will.

D. Gender and Number

Words importing the singular number shall include the plural number and vice versa; words importing the masculine gender shall include the feminine and neuter5 genders and vice versa.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and seal this [Document.Day] day of [Document.Month], [Document.Year].

[Testator.Signature]

[Testator.FirstName] [Testator.LastName] (Testator)

Witness Attestation

We, the undersigned witnesses, declare that on the date set forth above, [Testator.FirstName] [Testator.LastName] (the "Testator") signed this instrument in our presence and declared it to be [his/her] Last Will and Testament. We further declare that, to the best of our knowledge, the Testator was of sound mind and memory and was not under any duress or undue influence. We signed this instrument as witnesses in the presence of the Testator and in the presence of each other.

Dated this [Document.Day] day of [Document.Month], [Document.Year].

[Witness1.Signature]

[Witness1.FirstName] [Witness1.LastName]

[Witness1.StreetAddress], [Witness1.City], [Witness1.State] [Witness1.ZipCode]

[Witness2.Signature]

[Witness2.FirstName] [Witness2.LastName]

[Witness2.StreetAddress], [Witness2.City], [Witness2.State] [Witness2.ZipCode]

[Witness3.Signature]

[Witness3.FirstName] [Witness3.LastName]

[Witness3.StreetAddress], [Witness3.City], [Witness3.State] [Witness3.ZipCode]

Notary Acknowledgment

State of Florida

County of [County.Name]

On this [Document.Day] day of [Document.Month], [Document.Year], before me, a Notary Public in and for said County and State, personally appeared [Testator.FirstName] [Testator.LastName], known to me to be the person whose name is subscribed to the foregoing instrument, and acknowledged that [he/she] executed the same for the purposes therein contained. IN WITNESS WHEREOF,⁶ I have hereunto set my hand and official seal.⁷

[Notary.Signature]

Notary Public

My Commission Expires: [Commission.ExpirationDate]

[Notary.CommissionNumber]

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